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关于“考研议论文到底要分几段”的问题，一直是众说纷纭，莫衷一是。其实，考研写作是一种严谨的标准化测试，阅卷老师有统一的评判标准。那么，写作时究竟分成几段才会达到阅卷老师的“心理期待”呢？笔者认为：两段、三段、四段都是合理的。事实上，近些年试卷中也有两段或者四段作文得满分的情况，但是那样的满分作文属于小概率事件，不在我们的考虑范围之内。
其实，考研作文的分段问题已经被国家考研命题组的专家们在试卷中规定得非常清楚了，只不过大部分同学没有注意而已，或者即使注意了也没想到这种规定跟作文分段有关系。
让我们来看看近三年的考研作文题干，答案就在其中。
2005
年
Write an essay of 160
~
200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
first describe the drawing
then interpret its meaning,
总结：描述图画
+
社会寓意
+
你的评价
and give your comment on it.
2006
年
Study the following photos carefully and write an essay of 160~200 words in which you should
1. describe the photos briefly,
2. interpret the social phenomenon
，
总结：描述图画
+
社会寓意
+
你的观点
3. give your point of view.
2007
年
Write an essay of 160
~
200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2)explain its extended meaning, and then
总结：描述图画
+
社会寓意
+
你的观点（例证）
3) support your view with an example/examples.
通过分析最近三年图画式议论文的题干要求，我们得知：考研命题组专家已经通过题干的方式明确告诉我们考研写作的最佳分段方式——黄金三段！由此，笔者得出结论：
考研议论文=第一段描述图画+第一段阐释寓意+第三段说明你的观点
了解了出题者的意图，下面的工作就轻而易举了。我们只要总结出相关句型，然后熟练使用就可以了。虽然2008年具体的考研作文题目还没有出炉，但是我们已经提前一年预测出了其命题思路以及应对方案，这就是“未雨绸缪”，“以不变应万变”！
第一段可能用到的描述图画的句型：
一、直接式
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shows
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reveals
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picture
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suggests
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The
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cartoon
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illustrates
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that……
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figure
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demonstrates
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illustration
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indicates
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depicts
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describes
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二、间接式
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According to
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picture
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As can be seen from
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the
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cartoon
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As shown in
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figure
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It’s clear/apparent from
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illustration
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第二段要阐释寓意，要求考生先说明图画反映的社会问题，然后举出一个或几个例子来进行证明，有时候还要分析该问题出现的原因。因此，第二段我们需要掌握三种句型：阐释寓意句型、举例论证句型以及原因分析句型。
一、阐释寓意句型
1. It goes without saying that the pictures reflect a common and serious problem in China—……
2. It seems to me that the picture is sending the message that……
3. What is conveyed in the picture goes far beyond merely an issue of …… Instead , it carries the ……
二、举例论证句型
1. An appropriate case in point is ……
2. I recall from my childhood ……
3. The thought-provoking picture can be best illustrated by the following examples.
三、原因分析句型
1. The reasons lies in several aspects, ……
2. I have three reasons for my prediction / assumption.
3.Why should this phenomenon take place? There are generally three factors accounting for it.
第三段要做出自己的评论，一般需要写两方面的内容：对全文进行总结或者对于问题给出解决措施。因此，我们准备好两种句型：归纳结论句型和建议措施句型。
一、归纳结论：
1. From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that ……
2. The evidence upon all sides points to ……
3. The real lesson to be learnt is ……
二、建议措施：
1. In my opinion, we should work out concrete solutions to the problem of ……
2.The possible solutions of …… depend on two major factors.
3. In my opinion, three effective measures must be immediately taken to solve the problem.
To begin with,…… Furthermore, …… Finally, ……
黄金三段流程图
第一段——描述图画
第二段——阐释寓意 举例论证 （或分析原因）
第三段——归纳总结 （或提出建议或措施）
黄金三段2005年真题应用示例
As can be seen from the cartoon,
an old man is folded into
a ball in the centre and his three sons and one daughter stand in
each of the four corners as goal keepers, ready to kick the “ball” away.
It goes without saying that the pictures reflect a common and
serious problem in China
—
some people are not willing to support
their parents. The thought-provoking picture can be best illustrated
by the following examples
.
People often make excuses for refusing to
support their elderly parents. They have forgotten how their parents
took care of them, and have betrayed the Chinese tradition of respecting
seniors. In a civilized society, I find it shameful that such things happen.
In my opinion, three effective measures must be immediately taken to solve the problem. To begin with, we should lead people to be aware of this issue. Furthermore, the changes must begin with ourselves. And we address the problem within ourselves before looking to others to change. In changing ourselves we change the world. Finally, we must resort to punishment by law, a powerful weapon to protect the elementary rights of aged citizens.
In my opinion, three effective measures must be immediately taken to solve the problem. To begin with, we should lead people to be aware of this issue. Furthermore, the changes must begin with ourselves. And we address the problem within ourselves before looking to others to change. In changing ourselves we change the world. Finally, we must resort to punishment by law, a powerful weapon to protect the elementary rights of aged citizens. |
