In many cases, such as in law, consulting, and accounting firms.

¡¡¡¡From organizing hierarchies to organizing communities.

¡¡¡¡From imposing work designs and methods to understanding them.

¡¡¡¡From hiring and firing workers to recruiting and retaining them.

¡¡¡¡From building manual skills to building knowledge skills.

¡¡¡¡From evaluating visible job performance to assessing invisible knowledge achievements.

¡¡¡¡From ignoring culture to building a knowledgeª²friendly culture.

¡¡¡¡From supporting the bureaucracy to fending off.

¡¡¡¡¡°Although each of these attributes of future management may represent only an evolutionary change from how managers worked in the late twentieth century, in aggregate they comprise a managerial revolution, ¡± Davenport concludes.

¡¡¡¡1. What does ¡°player/coaches¡± in the sentence ¡°those who fail to transform themselves into ...¡± means ?

¡¡¡¡A. The managers have to master the skills both as players and coaches, or they will be eliminated from the sports world.

¡¡¡¡B. Thomas H. Davenport suggests the managers to improve their abilities with the standards of players and coaches.

¡¡¡¡C. The managers should transform themselves from overseeing work to participate it, too.

¡¡¡¡D. The players and coaches will be the most popular occupations in the future.

¡¡¡¡2. Davenport¬ðs attitude to the CEO of the large pizza chain¬ðs argument is that ?

¡¡¡¡A. He agrees with the CEO and admits that every worker in the organization is a knowledge worker for they have contributed their intelligence.

¡¡¡¡B. He doesn¬ðt agree with the CEO and he defines the knowledge workers as those who create and apply knowledge to practice.

¡¡¡¡C. He doesn¬ðt agree with the CEO and shows his absolute respect to the common workers.

¡¡¡¡D. He agrees with the CEO and he considers those who use knowledge as well as create knowledge are the most distinguished.

¡¡¡¡3. In Davenport¬ðs opinion, a successful organization in the future will be ?

¡¡¡¡A. An organization in which the dominant supporters are the managers.

¡¡¡¡B. An organization in which the workers are the creators of small ideas as well as users of the knowledge.

¡¡¡¡C. A unity that everyone has equal rights to speak no matter he is executive or common worker.

¡¡¡¡D. An organization in which every member is responsible to create and use ideas.

¡¡¡¡4. Which of the following statements is true ?

¡¡¡¡A. In the future, the role of managers is going to be weakened little by little.

¡¡¡¡B. According to Davenport, it is more significant to improve workers¬ð manual skills.

¡¡¡¡C. Improving the performance of knowledge workers requires an ability to get inside their mind, since knowledgeª²work production is invisible.

¡¡¡¡D. It is unreasonable to abolish the organization hierarchies, since the managers¬ð role is changing.

¡¡¡¡5. What is the tone of the passage ?

¡¡¡¡A. Critical B. SubjectiveC. ObjectiveD. Indifferent

ÔðÈα༭:gaoyan