考研英语核心词汇速成胜经
Unit 22
一、
真题文章（2003年）
Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.
“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words anthropos “human” and logos “the study of.” By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.
Anthropology is one of the social sciences. Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their
endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a
subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.
All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. Tylor defined culture as“…that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” This
insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.
Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
二、
译文
各时期各地区的人们都思考各自的世界并想知道自己在其中的位置。人类既善于思考又善于创造，具有永不满足的好奇心。而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而让所有其他形态的生命服从人类自己独特的思想和想象。因此，冷静而系统地研究人类的丰富性和多样性显得尤为重要。人们希望这些研究的成果能使人类与他们自己也与地球上其他生命形态和睦相处。
“人类学”这个词来源于希腊语
anthropos
（人类）
logos
（研究）。就名字而言，人类学包含了对整个人类的研究。
人类学是社会科学的一部分。社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。
社会科学科目包括地理学、经济学、政治学、心理学和社会学。每一门社会学科目都有一个分支或专业特别接近人类学。
所有社会科学都以研究人类为核心。人类学是一个重视实地考察的学科，在研究中大量使用对比分析法。强调搜集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在的文化形态时采用跨文化视角，使这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。
人类学分析主依赖于文化概念。爱德华
.
泰勒爵士对文化概念的阐述是
19
世纪社会科学的伟大文化成就之一。泰勒把文化定义为“
……
一个复合的整体，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其他能力和习惯”。这一见解非常深刻，为观察和理解人类生活提供了崭新的方法。泰勒的文化定义蕴涵着这一概念，即文化是后天习得的、人类共有的、被仿照的行为。
因此，人类学中“文化”的概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念。它使大量的具体研究和理解成为可能。
三、
考研核心词汇
insatiable
/ in5seiFEbl /
adj.
不知足的
,
贪求无厌的
[
例
] an insatiable desire for knowledge
永不满足的求知欲
[
同义
] covetous, greedy, unquenchable
[
反义
] satiable
/ 5seiFiEbl /
adj.
可满足的
[
派生
] insatiate
/ in5seiFiit /
adj.
不知足的
,
欲壑难填的
harmonious
/ hB:5mEunjEs /
adj. 1
和谐的
,
协调的
,
和睦的
2
悦耳的
[
例
] a harmonious family
和睦的家庭
[
同义
] blending, compatible ,congenial , in tune ,musical
[
派生
] harmony
/ 5hB:mEni /
n.
协调
,
融洽
derive
/ di5raiv /
vt.
得自
vi.
起源
[
例
] Many English words are derived from Latin.
许多英语词汇源于拉丁文。
[
同义
] acquire ,gain, get, obtain ,receive, secure
[
派生
] derivation
/ deri5veiFEn /
n.
引出
,
来历
,
出处
, (
语言
)
语源
,
词源
encompass
/ in5kQmpEs /
v.
包围
,
环绕
,
包含或包括某事物
[
例
] The course will encompass physics, chemistry and biology.
课程将包括物理、化学和生物学。
[
同义
] encircle ,enclose, include, surround
anthropology
/ 7AnWrE5pClEdVi /
n.
人类学
[
例
] social anthropology
社会人类学
[
派生
] anthropologic
/ 7AnWrEpE5lCdVik /
adj.
人类学的
humanity
/ hju(:)5mAniti /
n.
人性
,
人类
,
博爱
,
仁慈
[
例
] a great contribution to humanity
对人类的一大贡献
[
派生
] humanize
/ 5hju:mEnaiz /
vt.
赋予人性
,
使通人情
,
教化
vi.
变为有人性
,
变为有情
,
有教化
orient
/ 5C:riEnt /
n.
东方
,
东方诸国
(
指地中海以东各国
)
adj. 1
东方的
2
上升的
3
灿烂的
vi. 1
适应形势
2
向东
vt. 1
使朝东
2
使适应
3
确定方向
[
例
] We must orient our products to the needs of the market.
我们必须使我们的产品适应市场的需要。
[
派生
] oriental
/ 7C(:)ri5entl /
n.
东方人
(
尤指中国人和日本人
)
adj. 1
东方诸国的
,
亚洲的
,
东方的
2(
珍珠等
)
最优质的
oriented
/ `R:rIentId,`EJ- /
adj.
导向的
immense
/ i5mens /
adj.
极广大的
,
无边的
, <
口
>
非常好的
[
例
] The performance was immense.
演出好极了。
[
同义
] enormous ,giant ,gigantic, great ,huge, large ,mammoth
[
反义
] finite
/ 5fainait /
adj.
有限的
, [
数
]
有穷的
,
限定的
[
派生
] immensity
/ I5mEnsItI /
n.
广大
,
巨大
,
无限
,
浩瀚
四、
强化练习
1.
Hollywood is a weird combination of________ optimism and total despair.
A. orthodox
B. outing
C. insatiable
D. overlapped
2. Counter-measures must be taken to curb the prevailing trend so as to return people a _________ living and working environment.
A. overwhelming
B. harmonious
C. owing
D. potential
3.
The purpose of each science or field of investigation was to accumulate data and to ________ from these phenomena the basic principles or laws or 'forces'
which gave rise to them.
A. derive
B. postpone
C. prompt
D. prosper
4. It was said to be the latest threat in an ongoing series of attacks on ________ by mysteriously mutating "supergerms."
A. retention
B. revelation
C. review
D. humanity
5. When I first glimpsed the snow-capped
peak of
Tianshan Mountain visually dominating the
Lake, the entire landscape filled me with a feeling of ______ awe.
A. piece
B. immense
C. rigorous
D. robust
答案：
CBADB
考研英语核心词汇速成胜经
Unit 22
一、
真题文章（2003年）
Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.
“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words anthropos “human” and logos “the study of.” By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.
Anthropology is one of the social sciences. Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their
endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a
subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.
All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. Tylor defined culture as“…that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” This
insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.
Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
二、
译文
各时期各地区的人们都思考各自的世界并想知道自己在其中的位置。人类既善于思考又善于创造，具有永不满足的好奇心。而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而让所有其他形态的生命服从人类自己独特的思想和想象。因此，冷静而系统地研究人类的丰富性和多样性显得尤为重要。人们希望这些研究的成果能使人类与他们自己也与地球上其他生命形态和睦相处。
“人类学”这个词来源于希腊语
anthropos
（人类）
logos
（研究）。就名字而言，人类学包含了对整个人类的研究。
人类学是社会科学的一部分。社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。
社会科学科目包括地理学、经济学、政治学、心理学和社会学。每一门社会学科目都有一个分支或专业特别接近人类学。
所有社会科学都以研究人类为核心。人类学是一个重视实地考察的学科，在研究中大量使用对比分析法。强调搜集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在的文化形态时采用跨文化视角，使这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。
人类学分析主依赖于文化概念。爱德华
.
泰勒爵士对文化概念的阐述是
19
世纪社会科学的伟大文化成就之一。泰勒把文化定义为“
……
一个复合的整体，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其他能力和习惯”。这一见解非常深刻，为观察和理解人类生活提供了崭新的方法。泰勒的文化定义蕴涵着这一概念，即文化是后天习得的、人类共有的、被仿照的行为。
因此，人类学中“文化”的概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念。它使大量的具体研究和理解成为可能。
三、
考研核心词汇
insatiable
/ in5seiFEbl /
adj.
不知足的
,
贪求无厌的
[
例
] an insatiable desire for knowledge
永不满足的求知欲
[
同义
] covetous, greedy, unquenchable
[
反义
] satiable
/ 5seiFiEbl /
adj.
可满足的
[
派生
] insatiate
/ in5seiFiit /
adj.
不知足的
,
欲壑难填的
harmonious
/ hB:5mEunjEs /
adj. 1
和谐的
,
协调的
,
和睦的
2
悦耳的
[
例
] a harmonious family
和睦的家庭
[
同义
] blending, compatible ,congenial , in tune ,musical
[
派生
] harmony
/ 5hB:mEni /
n.
协调
,
融洽
derive
/ di5raiv /
vt.
得自
vi.
起源
[
例
] Many English words are derived from Latin.
许多英语词汇源于拉丁文。
[
同义
] acquire ,gain, get, obtain ,receive, secure
[
派生
] derivation
/ deri5veiFEn /
n.
引出
,
来历
,
出处
, (
语言
)
语源
,
词源
encompass
/ in5kQmpEs /
v.
包围
,
环绕
,
包含或包括某事物
[
例
] The course will encompass physics, chemistry and biology.
课程将包括物理、化学和生物学。
[
同义
] encircle ,enclose, include, surround
anthropology
/ 7AnWrE5pClEdVi /
n.
人类学
[
例
] social anthropology
社会人类学
[
派生
] anthropologic
/ 7AnWrEpE5lCdVik /
adj.
人类学的
humanity
/ hju(:)5mAniti /
n.
人性
,
人类
,
博爱
,
仁慈
[
例
] a great contribution to humanity
对人类的一大贡献
[
派生
] humanize
/ 5hju:mEnaiz /
vt.
赋予人性
,
使通人情
,
教化
vi.
变为有人性
,
变为有情
,
有教化
orient
/ 5C:riEnt /
n.
东方
,
东方诸国
(
指地中海以东各国
)
adj. 1
东方的
2
上升的
3
灿烂的
vi. 1
适应形势
2
向东
vt. 1
使朝东
2
使适应
3
确定方向
[
例
] We must orient our products to the needs of the market.
我们必须使我们的产品适应市场的需要。
[
派生
] oriental
/ 7C(:)ri5entl /
n.
东方人
(
尤指中国人和日本人
)
adj. 1
东方诸国的
,
亚洲的
,
东方的
2(
珍珠等
)
最优质的
oriented
/ `R:rIentId,`EJ- /
adj.
导向的