局部情感态度题
　　在我国的考研英语阅读理解试卷中局部情感态度题极为罕见。在2003年和2004年连续两年各考了2题，但是此前并没有这样的题型，而且在2005的试卷中也没有考到。这个不能说明这样的题型不重要，相反只能说明局部情感态度题是非常重要的，而且根据往年的得分统计来看，该题型得分非常低。究其原因是什么？我们先来研究这个四个题目，最后再回答这个问题。

　　一、局部情感态度题与全文情感态度题的区别

　　两者其实虽然都是情感态度题，但是在本质上他们没有什么共同之处，在全文情感态度题里所有不可能成为正确答案的选项在这里都可以成为正确答案。而且他们的解题方法没有任何共同之处。他们唯一的共同点就是都是情感态度题。

　　二、局部情感态度题的解题步骤

　　(一)

　　根据局部对象或者局部对象的主体找出本题的出题句；

　　(二)

　　在出题句(或称得分句)中寻找含有感情色彩的词语或句子；

　　(三)

　　比较该感情色彩的词语或句子和四个选项，选择一个意思和该词语最为接近的选项；

　　三、局部情感态度题历年真题解析

　　例1、In recent years, railroads have been combining

　　with each other, merging into supersystems, causing

　　heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as

　　1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70

　　percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next

　　year, after a series of mergers is completed, just

　　four railroads will control well over 90 percent of

　　all the freight moved by major rail carriers.

　　Supporters of the new super systems argue that these

　　mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and

　　better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly,

　　they argue, is removed by fierce competition from

　　trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk

　　commodities traveling long distances, such as coal,

　　chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the

　　railroads therefore have them by the throat.

　　The vast consolidation within the rail industry means

　　that most shippers are served by only one rail

　　company. Railroads typically charge such “captive”

　　shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when

　　another railroad is competing for the business.

　　Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the

　　right to appeal to the federal government's Surface

　　Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process

　　is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in

　　truly extreme cases.

　　Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive

　　shippers on the grounds that in the long run it

　　reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all

　　customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers

　　who have the option of switching to trucks or other

　　forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining

　　customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.

　　It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in

　　practice it often leaves railroads in the position of

　　determining w

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