第十五天：难题错题 分别整理---阅读理解篇之三

除了寻找正确答案以外，有时需要避免选项中的陷阱。所以今天总结干扰选项的特征。

一、例证题

干扰选项特征：就事论事（以例子本身的细节为答案）

例如，

Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians—frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.(2003-4)

The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that.

[A] medical resources are often wasted

[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases

[C] some treatments are too aggressive

[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable

问题对应二段倒数第二句。这个例子就是说明前一句的：由于有第三方为我们支付医疗费用，我们便要求医生为我们做所能做的一切事情，即使这么做毫无用处。二段末句进一步指出医生为了不让病人失望，经常采取一些过激的（aggressive）、缺乏科学根据的治疗方法。由于治疗结果不理想，自然造成医疗资源的浪费。A选项符合此意，为正确答案。B选项和C选项都就事论事，即都是例子本身的细节，不是例子要说明的内容。D“医疗费用越来越难以承担”在原文没有提到。

二、推理题

干扰选项特征：推得过远（所得出的结论经过多步推理产生，无原文依据）

例如，

The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms, the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.

What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?

[A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.

[B] More versions of IQ test are now available on the Internet.

[C] The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.

[D] Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.

问题是“关于智力测验，能从第三段推出什么”。C“针对成年人和儿童的智力测验的内容和形式可能不同”与原文第三段第二句对应：The test comes primarily in two forms, the Stanford-Binet Intelligence

责任编辑:gaoyan