谈谈虚拟语气

谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)

如果你看到下列的句子，你会认为它们是正确的还是错的呢？

1.　I wish I were a bird.
2.　We request that you be here tomorrow.

也许你会说:"哈哈，第一句的 I　were 错了，应该是 I　was；而第二句中的 you　be
是什么东东呀？不是 you are, 也不是 you will be, 什么 you be?!"

其实上面的句子都是一种称为 Subjunctive 类型的句子。Subjunctive Mood 有的书译
为"假设语气"，虽不很贴切；但在相当大的程度上，告诉我们这种句子的特点。
Subjunctive Mood中文译作"虚拟语气"，似乎不及"假设语气"那么容易明白。它是一种
动词形式，表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。

基本上，虚拟语气可分为虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present)和虚拟过去(Subjunctive
Past)两种；但它们和时态(Tenses)上所指的现在时态(Present Tense)和过去时态
(Past Tense)是有所不同的。

一、虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present):

虚拟现在的句子，在任何时候都要用动词的原形(root form)，就算是第三人称(he,
she, it)也是如此。如：

1.1　现在时态(Simple Present): (右边为虚拟语气)

　I　work ---- I work
　you work ---- you work
　he works ---- he work (注意到了吗，是 work，不是 works)
　she works ---- she work (不是 she works 喔）
　it works ---- it work　(同样不是 it works 喔)
　we work ---- we work
　they work ---- they work

1.2　现在进行时态(Present Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气）

　I am working ---- I be working (注意用的是 be，怪怪的!)
　 you are working ---- you be working
　he is working ---- he be working
　she is working ---- she be working
　it is working ---- it be working
　we are working ---- we be working
　they are woring ---- they be working

1.3　现在完成时态(Present Perfect):(右边为虚拟语气)

　I have worked ---- I have worked
　you have worked ---- you have worked
　he has worked ----- he have worked (用的还是have喔)
　she has worked ---- she have worked
　it has worked ---- it have worked
　we have worked ---- we have worked
　they have worked ---- they have worked

1.4　现在完成进行时态(Present Perfect Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气)

　I have been working ---- I have been working
　you have been working ---- you have been working
　he has been working ---- he have been working　(是 he have, 不是 he has )
　she has been working ---- she have been working
　it has been working --- it have been working
　we have been working ---- we have been working
　they have been working ---- they have been working


嘘，暂时休息一会儿。下回再谈虚拟过去的动词有什么不同。如何，你喜欢她吗？

谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)（二）

二、虚拟过去(Subjunctive Past)

虚拟过去的动词无论在什么情况之下都要用过去复数形式。如：动词 be，在虚拟过去
中要用 were。

2.1　过去时态(Simple Past):(右边为虚拟语气)

　I worked ---- I worked
　you worked ---- you worked
　he worked ---- he worked
　she worked ---- she worked
　it worked ---- it worked
　we worked ---- we w

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责任编辑:aifeisha