北京第二外国语学院1999年英语写作考研试题
　　Read the following article carefully and then write a composition about 1500words. In the first part of your writing, you should give a brief summary of the article. In the second part, make comments on the article. And in the last part, give your solutions to the present problem of the reempliyment for people who have been laid off in China.
　　Startups To the Rescue
　　in Europe, small companies are where the action is
　　Leopoldo Fernandez Pujals has a tempting recipe for a continent that craves jobs. A decade ago. as more Spanish women began entering the workforce, the Cuban- American marketer sensed Spain’s growing appetite for fast food ,so he invested $80,000 to start a pizza- delivery service in Madrid, Now, TelePizza boasts$2060 million in sales and employs 6,000workers.
　　Since going public on the Spanish Bolsa in late 1996, Telepizza’s shares have soared from $14to $123, and its market cap now tops$1.3billion, Says Pujals, a 50-year –old Vietnam war veteran: “More and more people are asking me: ‘What’s our secret?’”
　　No wonder. At a time when Europe’s industrial giants continue to shed workers, a raft of small, dynamic companies such as Pujals’are emerging. They are creating jobs and spurring economic regeneration-despite obstacles such as heavy taxes and red tape that have long discouraged the Continent’s entrepreneurs. Indeed, Europe’s hot growth companies are showing a remarkable ability to take advantage of the Continent’s growing trend toward deregulation, its nascent secondary stock markets, and the rapid spread of the internet, which puts companies in inatant touch with new customers. Says Juan Roure, a professor at IESE Business School in Barcelona: “These are the companies that are most effectively creating value and jobs, They are Changing the rules of how to compete in their markets.”
　　Smaller growth companies have gone largely unnoticed among Europe’s political elite until recently. But their continued success is vital if the Continent is to reduce the rands of its 19 million unemployed. A new study by Europe’s 500 Association, a nonprofit group linked to the European Foundation of Entrepreneurship Research, identified 500small and midsize companies whose sales-and emplyment ranks-are soaring. Conducted by IP S trategies., an independent consultant, the study found that both service companies and small-scale manufacturers are providing entry –level jobs needed to combat Europe’s 11%jobless rate. Moreover, they aren’s just clustered around tech zones such as Munich and Cambridge but are dotted across the Continent.
　　Mostly privately owned, the 500companies identified by the study increased their employment by atotal of 183,000jobs-an average 16%annually from 1991to 1996. At the same tine, according to the study, 290 of Europe’s 500biggest companies by market capitalization slashed payrolls by 4%, or more than 500,000jobs. The lesson,

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