克郡，公元867年时的基督教中心。到9世纪中叶，北欧海盗和丹
麦人威胁到撒克逊人的威撒克斯王国的安全。
　　
　　2．King Alfred (849-899) and his contributions
　　艾尔弗雷德国王（849-899）和他所做出的贡献
　　Alfred was a king of Wessex. He defeated the Danes and reached a friendly agreement
with them in 879. The Danes gained control of the north and east, while he ruled the
rest. He also converted some leading Danes into Christians.
　　He founded a strong fleet and is known as “ the father of the British navy”. He
reorganized the Saxon army, making it more efficient. He translated a Latin book into
English. He also established schools and formulated a legal system. All this earns him
the title “Alfred the Great.”
　　阿尔弗雷德是威塞克斯的国王。他打败了丹麦人，并于公元879年与他们达成了友好协议。协议规定丹麦
人控制英格兰北部和西部（丹麦法区），而他统治其他地区。他还劝服一些丹麦首领成为基督教徒。
　　他因为建立了强大舰队，而以“英国海军之父”闻名于世。他改组了“弗立德”（撒克逊军队），使之更
为高效。他将一本拉丁语的书翻译成英语。同时他还建立了学校，并且阐明了法律制度。所有这一切使他当之
无愧于“阿尔弗雷德大王。”的称号。
　　
　　V．The Norman Conquest (1066)
　　诺曼征服（公元1066年）
　　
　　1．Reasons for William’s invasion of England after Edward’s death.
　　威廉在爱德华死后入侵英国的原因。
　　It was said that king Edward had promised the English throne to William, but the
Witan chose Harold as king. So William led his army to invade England. In October 1066,
during the important battle of Hastings, William defeated Harold and killed him. One
Christmas Day, William was crowned king of England, thus beginning the Norman Conquest of
England.
　　据说，爱德华国王曾答应把英格兰王位传给诺曼底公爵威廉，但是贤人会议挑选了哈罗德为国王。公元
1066年10月，在哈斯丁斯附近的激烈交锋中，威廉打败了哈罗德军队，同时哈罗德也在此战争中战死。
　　
　　2．The Norman Conquest and its consequences
　　诺曼征服及其产生的影响。
　　The Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history.
William the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman
followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. He replaced
the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely
established in England. Relations with the Continent were opened, and the civilization
and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners and architecture
were introduced. The Church was brought into closer connection with Rome, and the church
courts were separated from the civil courts.
　　1066年的诺曼征服也许是英国历史上的最著名事件。征服者威廉几乎没收了所有土地，将其分发给他的诺
曼追随者。他用强有力的诺曼政府代替了软弱的萨克逊政府。于是，封建制度在英国完全建立。开放了与欧洲
大陆的关系，文明和商业得到发展，引进了诺曼—法国文化、语言、举止和建筑。教会与罗马的联系更为密
切，教会法庭与

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