mputers, biotechnology and other high-
tech industries. There are three areas in Britain which have seen some high-tech
industrial growth: (1).the area between London and South Wales, (2).the Cambridge area of
East Anglia and (3).the area between Glasgow and Edinburgh in Scotland. The third area is
the most spectacular of the three and is now often referred to as the “Silicon Glen”.
By the end of 1985 half of Britain’s microchip output was estimated to have come from
Scotland.
　　英国主要纺织基地是现在的中东部，约克郡和汉伯塞德郡及北爱尔兰。
　　The reasons behind the decline of Britain’’s textile industry are:
　　英国纺织业的衰退原因如下：
　　(1) Exports of textiles have not competed well with those of other foreign producers
who have managed to produce cheaper goods.
　　纺织品出口不能很好地与设法生产出更便宜商品的国外产家竞争。
　　(2) There has been a rise in cheaper imports of textiles to Britain from foreign
producers.
　　英国增加了从外国产家进口更廉价纺织品。
　　(3) Poor and outdated management decisions have caused problem.
　　薄弱及过时的管理决策导致许多问题。
　　(4) Substitutions of human-made fibres have been made for natural fibres.
　　人造纤维代替品已取代了天然纤维。
　　(5) An improvement of output per worker has been achieved, due to mechanization.
　　由于机械化，每个工人的生产量有了提高。
　　
　　　　英语国家概况精讲系列（十八）
　　
　　Chapter 7
　　第七章
　　Government and Administration
　　英国政府机构
　　
　　The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy, the head of state is a king or a
queen. The United Kingdom is governed, in the name of the Sovereign by His or Her
Majesty’s Government. The System of parliamentary government is not based on a written
constitution, the British constitution is not set out in any single document. It is made
up of statute law, common law and conventions. The Judiciary determines common law and
interprets statutes.
　　联合王国是君主立宪制国家,国家的首脑是国王或女王。联合王国以君的名义,由国王或女王陛下政府治
理。英国的议会制度并不是基于成文宪法,英国宪法不由单一文件构成,而由成文法,习惯法和惯例组成。司法
部门裁定习惯法或解释成文法。
　　
　　I．The Monarchy
　　君主制
　　1.Elizabeth II, her title in the United Kingdom is “Elizabeth the Second, by the
Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Her Other
Realms and Territories, Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith.
　　伊莉莎白二世，她的全称是“上帝神佑，大布列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国以及她的其他领土和领地的女王，
英联邦元首，国教保护者伊莉莎白二世。”
　　
　　2.The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation. In law, She is head of the executive,
an integral part of the legislature, head of the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all
the armed forces and the “supreme governor” of the Church of England. She gives Royal
Assent to Bills passed by parliament.
　　

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