炼就一双火眼金睛,明察秋毫,提高抗干扰能力
干扰选项常见特征
顾名思义,干扰项的目的就是扰乱考生思维,将思路引入歧途。细节题中的干扰项较容易排除,只要发现选项有一处缺乏原文事实的支持就可以排除。推理类题目和主旨类题目的干扰项迷惑性更强一些。
一些选项可以根据主题直接排除,如说法绝对的,违反客观事实/常识的。
逻辑思路要清晰!逻辑判断小练习
If Sarah were a concert pianist for a major orchestra, she would be famous. She is not a concert pianist since she is not famous.
The conclusion above is unsound because the author does not consider that
(A) Sarah could be a famous actress.
(B) Sarah could be a violinist for a major orchestra.
(C) Sarah could be a pianist with a rock group.
(D) Sarah could be a concert pianist with a minor orchestra.
逻辑指代、范围、特征等等都可能被用来做文章。要特别小心对待。
1.细节类题目
(1)无中生有:凭空捏造原文不存在的细节,以迷惑和干扰考生,制造的假象让考生怀疑自己是否漏读了原文的相关信息。破解方法仍然是准确定位。有的是故意偏离主旨(通过通读的句子概括出的大意就可以排除)
(2)常识错位:干扰项是一些基本常识和我们对社会、生活等方面一些问题的一般看法和认识,虽然符合客观现实,但并非文章所提及的或侧重的。
此类干扰项很容易导致粗心错误,因为选项的说法符合我们的一般认识,使得干扰项先入为主,误导了判断,忽略了要从原文验证。
!!!谨防喧宾夺主,越俎代庖!!!
症状将一些常识带入思考,放松、甚至忘记了一切答案要以原文为依据。
特别提示:留意不需看原文就能自圆其说的选项,这些选项通常为高度疑似错误答案,需要提高警惕。
(3) 偷梁换柱:
这是细节题干扰项最常见的方法,是大多数同学由于粗心失分的地方。干扰项利用了原文的一部分结构和词汇,但在一些位置换掉个别词,造成了语义的变化。
特别提示:要留意选项各个句子成分是否与原文表述的意义一致。地点,时间,方式,程度 (副词),性质 (如形容词),甚至是主语和谓语都可能被偷换掉。
根本解决方法是细心求证选中的答案是否经得起原文的考验。这就要求我们在核对选项时需要把所有意群跟原文相应意群逐一进行对比,只要有偷换意群的,就是错误选项。
用数学方法来描述就是正负得负。
细节题不要跟着感觉走!
不能只凭一个单词的印象就选择答案!
必须去原文核实选项的每一个成分!
Example 1:
Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a "virtual" or simulated environment for surgeons and other medical practitioners (从业者).
"With virtual reality we'll be able to put a surgeon in every trench," said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers.
The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U.S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets (头盔) that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battle
责任编辑:joyyy


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