总结英语的否定形式
肯定与否定是两个完全对立的概念,容不得半点含糊。然而,英语的否定形式相当繁杂,稍有不慎,就会出错。所以现在我们就来归纳一下英语对否定概念的表达方式作。
英语否定概念的表达形式大致可分为两类:显形否定与隐形否定。
显形否定一般借助否定词或含否定意义的句型表达,其否定含义较为直观,故有明否定之称;隐形否定无明显否定词,其否定含义往往要靠上下文或语境来推定,比较难以把握,故有暗否定或间接否定之称。
一、显形否定
常用否定词
no
,
not
,
never
,
none
,
nobody
,
nothing
,
nowhere
,
neither
,
nor
,
neither...nor
,
but
,
without
,
unless
,
but for
,
but that
,
in the absence of
,
regardless of
,
instead of
,
exclusive of
,
short of
,
rather than
,
anything but
,
any more than
,
out of the question
,
would no more...than
由
a-
,
dis-
,
il-
,
im-
,
ir-
,
un-
,
non-
,
anti-
,
mal-
,
under-
等前缀及
-less
,
-free
,
-proof
等后缀合成的否定词
hardly
,
scarcely
,
barely
,
little
,
few
,
seldom
等半否定词
avoid
,
ban
,
call off
,
cancel
,
deny
,
deprive
,
exclude
,
escape
,
evade
,
forbid
,
free...from
,
free from/of
,
fail
,
hate
,
ignore
,
lack
,
lose
,
miss
,
naught
,
neglect
,
prohibit
,
quit, refuse
,
rid
,
rule out
,
stop
以及
above
,
against
,
beneath
,
beyond
,
far from
,
off
,
out of
,
past
和
absent
,
bad
,
bare
,
empty
,
last
,
poor
,
vaccant
等可用于表达否定概念的词。
1)
这类否定句要注意如下三个问题:
否定程度的强弱,说话者的态度以及否定句式表肯定概念
He is not richer than I.
他不比我富。
He is no richer than I.
他和我一样,也不富。
He is not a statesman.
他不是政治家。
He is no statesman.
他绝非政治家。(弦外音:他不懂政治)
No less than fifty people were killed in the accident.
事故中多达五十人死亡(够多的,
≈as many as
,多达)。
Write a short passage of not less than 200 words.
写一段短文字数不少于二百(多则不限)。
We have not learned more than 1,000 English words.
我们学了不超过一千个英语单词(顶多一千个,可能比这还少)。
We have learned no more than 1,000 English words.
我们学了一千个英语单词(不够多)。
I could not feel better.
我感觉再好不过了。
I can not agree more.
我完全同意。
You can't be too careful when driving.
开车时愈小心愈好
(
或尽可能小心
)
。
There is no smallest wind today. 今天一点风也没有。
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