2008年英语四级英语巅峰阅读培训（第五讲）

　　第五讲：篇章阅读  
　　第一讲：4种形式考查对主旨大意的把握  
　　把握文章的主旨大意（main idea）,有一个重要的前提就是要通过略读了解文章的主题（subject）和行文的结构（structure）。常见的英语文章有四种结构：   
　　①一般特殊型或演绎型。其结构模式是“总论+分论（分论1+分论2……）”，遵循从观点到材料、从抽象到具体的逻辑法则，各段主题句多位于段落开头。  
　　②问题解决型。其结构模式为“陈述背景+提出问题+解决问题+适当评价或分析”，有时会舍去背景或分析的部分。  
　　③匹配型。其段落发展主线为两种事物之间的对比，可以是两种事物相应特点之间的对比，也可以是先介绍一个事物，再接着介绍另一个事物。  
　　④辩论型或劝说型。一般是提出一个普遍认可的或别人认可的观点，然后进行澄清，说明自己的观点和主张。  
　　在阅读过程中，学习者如果能够把握文章的主题和行文结构，就能比较容易地对下文做出预测，从而快速而准确地把握文章的主旨。  
　　1 文章/段落的主题  
　　解题技巧1  
　　在文章的开头、结尾或中间寻找主题句。文章或段落的主题常以主题句的形式出现在文章或段落的开头或结尾。在多数演绎类的说明文或议论文中，作者往往开门见山点出主题，然后加以说明，在这种文章中，主题句可以在段落或文章的开头找。在归纳性文章中主题句可能出现在最后一段或最后一句。  
　　解题技巧2  
　　如果文章中没有出现主题句，可通过两种方法概括主旨  
　　①先归纳带有论点段落的要点，得出段落主旨，然后综合要点概括推断全文主旨；  
　　②查找文中反复出现的实词，并注意总结这些实词周围的词的特点，推断主题    
　　练习一  
　　Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Women’s deucation may be unusual territory ofr economists, but enhancing women’s contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue. And economics, with its emphasis on incentives, provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education.  
　　 
　　Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody else’s family and bear children. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school — the prophecy become self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle of neglect.  
　　An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. The education of her daughters then makes it muchi more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous c

责任编辑:joyyy