find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves.
Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today's youth sport setting. Young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters' performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, Which can lead to burnout.
16. An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is ______
A)to reduce their mental stress C)to make sports less competitive
B)to increase their sense of success D)to make sports more challenging
17. According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that ____ .
A) it can help them learn more about society
B) it enables them to find flaws in themselves
C) it can provide them with valuable experiences
D) it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves
18. Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes ______ .
A)believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development
B)without realizing criticism may destroy their self confidence
C)in order to make them remember life's lessons
D)so as to put more pressure on them
19. According to the passage parents and coaches should _____________ .
A)pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports
B)help children to win every game
C)train children to cope with stress
D)enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports
20. The author's purpose in writing the passage is ____________ .
A)to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout
B)to persuade young children not to worry about criticism
C)to stress the importance of positive reinforcement to children
D)to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement
Passage Three
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts (干旱) are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the world's population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.
But that doesn't have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world-if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we
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